Overview of the 250 bioactive compounds

Royal Buzz contains a unique blend of bee bread, royal jelly, and propolis.

Within these three ingredients are 250 bioactive compounds, each contributing to a wide range of health benefits.

In this overview, we'll explore the most notable compounds in each ingredient, followed by a comprehensive list of other compounds found, and finally, the respective benefits of all these compounds.

1. Bee Bread

Carbohydrates

  1. Glucose: Provides quick energy; fuels brain and muscles during activity.
  2. Fructose: Naturally occurring sugar in honey; provides energy and is metabolized more slowly than glucose.
  3. Sucrose: Disaccharide broken down into glucose and fructose for energy.

Proteins and Amino Acids

  1. Arginine: Essential for protein synthesis, promotes wound healing, and supports the immune system.
  2. Lysine: Helps in calcium absorption, supports immune function, and plays a role in collagen formation.
  3. Methionine: Acts as an antioxidant and is essential for growth and tissue repair.

Lipids

  1. Linoleic acid: Essential fatty acid important for brain function and cell growth; reduces inflammation.
  2. Oleic acid: Monounsaturated fat that helps reduce bad cholesterol levels and has antioxidant properties.
  3. Palmitic acid: Saturated fat that provides energy and supports cellular functions.

Vitamins

  1. Vitamin C: Antioxidant that protects cells from damage, boosts immune function, and aids in collagen production.
  2. Vitamin E: Antioxidant that helps protect cells from oxidative stress and supports skin health.
  3. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): Plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and nerve function.

Minerals

  1. Calcium: Vital for bone and teeth health, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
  2. Magnesium: Involved in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body, including muscle and nerve function, and energy production.
  3. Zinc: Essential for immune function, wound healing, and DNA synthesis.

Polyphenols

  1. Quercetin: Antioxidant that helps reduce inflammation and fight off free radicals.
  2. Kaempferol: Antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties that may reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
  3. Apigenin: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent; may promote apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells.

Enzymes

  1. Amylase: Breaks down starches into sugars, aiding in digestion.
  2. Protease: Breaks down proteins into amino acids, aiding in digestion.
  3. Lipase: Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol, aiding in digestion.

Organic Acids

  1. Lactic acid: Produced during fermentation; acts as a preservative and promotes gut health.
  2. Citric acid: Antioxidant that aids in metabolism and energy production.
  3. Succinic acid: Plays a role in the citric acid cycle, contributing to energy production.

2. Royal Jelly

Proteins

  1. Major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs): Provide nutrition, have antimicrobial properties, and support growth and development.

Lipids

  1. 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA): Has antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties; modulates immune responses.
  2. 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid: Exhibits antimicrobial effects, promoting overall health.
  3. Sebacic acid: Antioxidant that helps in reducing oxidative stress.

Carbohydrates

  1. Glucose: Provides quick energy; essential for brain function.
  2. Fructose: Provides sustained energy and is a natural sweetener.
  3. Trehalose: Serves as an energy source and helps stabilize proteins and cellular structures under stress.

Vitamins

  1. Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid): Essential for synthesizing coenzyme A, important in energy metabolism.
  2. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Involved in amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and red blood cell production.
  3. Biotin: Supports metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates; promotes healthy skin and hair.

Minerals

  1. Potassium: Regulates fluid balance, muscle contractions, and nerve signals.
  2. Iron: Crucial for oxygen transport in the blood and energy production.
  3. Copper: Essential for iron metabolism, nervous system function, and connective tissue formation.

Phenolic Compounds

  1. Caffeic acid: Powerful antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties.
  2. Ferulic acid: Antioxidant that stabilizes vitamin C and E, protecting against free radical damage.
  3. p-Coumaric acid: Antioxidant with potential anti-carcinogenic properties.

Nucleotides

  1. Adenosine: Involved in energy transfer and signal transduction.
  2. Guanosine: Plays a role in cellular signaling and energy transfer.
  3. Inosine: Exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and supports immune function.

Enzymes

  1. Glucose oxidase: Converts glucose to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide, exhibiting antimicrobial effects.
  2. Catalase: Breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, protecting cells from oxidative damage.
  3. Peroxidase: Reduces oxidative stress by breaking down peroxides.

3. Propolis

Flavonoids

  1. Chrysin: Reduces inflammation, has antioxidant properties, and may exhibit anti-cancer effects.
  2. Galangin: Possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
  3. Pinocembrin: Antifungal, antibacterial, and contributes to overall immune support.

Phenolic Acids

  1. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE): Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and exhibits potential anti-cancer properties.
  2. p-Coumaric acid: Acts as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.
  3. Ferulic acid: Protects cells from oxidative damage and has anti-inflammatory properties.

Terpenes

  1. Eucalyptol: Provides anti-inflammatory and decongestant effects, often used in respiratory conditions.
  2. Limonene: Exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; may help with digestive issues.
  3. β-Caryophyllene: Anti-inflammatory and may have pain-relieving properties.

Vitamins

  1. Vitamin A: Essential for vision, immune function, and skin health.
  2. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): Supports energy metabolism and nervous system function.
  3. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): Involved in energy production and cellular function.

Minerals

  1. Magnesium: Involved in over 300 biochemical reactions including supporting muscle and nerve function, energy production, and bone health.
  2. Zinc: Vital for immune function, wound healing, and DNA synthesis.
  3. Selenium: Antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage and supports thyroid function.

Amino Acids

  1. Proline: Important for collagen synthesis, skin elasticity, and wound healing.
  2. Glycine: Involved in protein synthesis, neurotransmission, and maintaining healthy skin.
  3. Valine: Essential for muscle growth, tissue repair, and energy production.

Sugars

  1. Glucose: Quick energy source; essential for brain function.
  2. Fructose: Provides sustained energy and is a natural sweetener.
  3. Sucrose: Disaccharide broken down into glucose and fructose for energy.

Other Bioactive Compounds

  1. Artepilin C: Exhibits antitumor, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
  2. Apigenin: Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and may induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
  3. Quercetin: Antioxidant that helps reduce inflammation, fight off free radicals, and supports cardiovascular health.

Here are other compounds found in royal buzz:

Proteins and Amino Acids

  1. Royalactin: Promotes growth and development in honeybee queens; potential anti-aging effects.
  2. Apalbumin 1: Supports cell repair and immune function.
  3. Apalbumin 2: Supports cell repair and immune function.
  4. Apisin: Exhibits antibacterial properties.
  5. Beebread Protein: Provides nutrition and supports overall health.
  6. Hymenoptaecin: Antimicrobial peptide that helps protect against infections.
  7. Defensin-1: Antimicrobial peptide that contributes to immune defense.
  8. Melittin: Main component of bee venom; has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
  9. Phospholipase A2: Enzyme in bee venom; contributes to its pain-inducing properties.
  10. Hydroxyproline: Important for collagen stability and skin health.
  11. Histidine: Precursor to histamine; important for immune response and gastric secretion.
  12. Isoleucine: Essential amino acid that aids in muscle repair and growth.
  13. Leucine: Essential amino acid important for protein synthesis and muscle repair.
  14. Phenylalanine: Precursor for neurotransmitters like dopamine; essential for protein synthesis.
  15. Threonine: Supports immune function, and collagen and elastin production.
  16. Tryptophan: Precursor for serotonin and melatonin; supports mood and sleep.

Carbohydrates

  1. Maltose: Disaccharide that provides energy.
  2. Raffinose: Trisaccharide with prebiotic effects.
  3. Starch: Provides sustained energy.
  4. Cellulose: Dietary fiber that aids in digestion.
  5. Pectin: Soluble fiber that supports digestive health.

Lipids and Fatty Acids

  1. Stearic Acid: Saturated fat that provides energy and supports cellular functions.
  2. Linolenic Acid: Essential fatty acid that supports brain function and reduces inflammation.
  3. Arachidonic Acid: Polyunsaturated fat involved in inflammation and cell signaling.
  4. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA): Omega-3 fatty acid essential for brain health and development.
  5. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA): Omega-3 fatty acid with anti-inflammatory properties.
  6. Lauric Acid: Saturated fat with antimicrobial properties.
  7. Myristic Acid: Saturated fat involved in protein modification.
  8. Capric Acid: Medium-chain fatty acid with antimicrobial properties.
  9. Caprylic Acid: Medium-chain fatty acid with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
  10. Beeswax Esters: Provide protective and moisturizing properties.
  11. Sterols (e.g., cholesterol): Important for cell membrane structure and function.
  12. Wax Triglycerides: Provide energy storage and waterproofing.

Vitamins

  1. Vitamin A (Retinol): Essential for vision, immune function, and skin health.
  2. Vitamin B3 (Niacin): Important for energy metabolism and DNA repair.
  3. Vitamin B7 (Biotin): Supports metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
  4. Vitamin B9 (Folate): Crucial for DNA synthesis and repair, and red blood cell formation.
  5. Vitamin D: Essential for calcium absorption and bone health.
  6. Vitamin K: Important for blood clotting and bone health.

Minerals

  1. Sodium: Essential for maintaining fluid balance and nerve function.
  2. Copper: Important for iron metabolism and the formation of red blood cells.
  3. Manganese: Supports bone formation, blood clotting, and reducing inflammation.
  4. Phosphorus: Vital for energy production and bone health.

Enzymes

  1. Invertase: Breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose.
  2. Hydrolase: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of chemical bonds.
  3. Phosphatase: Removes phosphate groups from molecules.

Antioxidants

  1. Luteolin: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
  2. Chlorogenic Acid: Antioxidant that helps regulate blood sugar levels.
  3. Ellagic Acid: Antioxidant with potential anti-cancer properties.
  4. Propolis Polyphenols: Various compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
  5. Gallic Acid: Antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage.

Organic Acids

  1. Butyric Acid: Short-chain fatty acid with anti-inflammatory properties in the gut.
  2. Malic Acid: Involved in energy production in cells.
  3. Oxalic Acid: Found in plants; has antioxidant properties.

Other Compounds

  1. Resins (e.g., pinocembrin in propolis): Contribute to antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
  2. Essential Oils (e.g., eugenol): Provide antimicrobial and soothing effects.
  3. Flavonoids (e.g., rutin): Antioxidants that support cardiovascular health.
  4. Terpenes: Aromatic compounds with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
  5. Saponins: Plant compounds with immune-boosting and cholesterol-lowering effects.
  6. Coumarins: Compounds with anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties.
  7. Sting Proteins: Various proteins involved in the immune response and pain induction.
  8. Pheromones: Chemical signals that influence the behavior of other bees.
  9. Bee Pollen Phytochemicals: Variety of bioactive compounds supporting overall health.

Additional Compounds in Specific Bee Products

Bee Bread
  1. Lactic Acid Bacteria Metabolites: Contribute to gut health and immune function.
  2. Folic Acid: Important for DNA synthesis and repair, and red blood cell formation.
  3. Thiamine Mononitrate: Form of vitamin B1; supports energy metabolism.
Royal Jelly
  1. 10-HDA (10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid): Antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties.
  2. Hydroxydecanoic Acid: Antimicrobial effects.
  3. Ester Compounds: Various compounds with potential antioxidant properties.
Propolis
  1. Pinocembrin: Flavonoid with antifungal and antibacterial properties.
  2. Galangin: Flavonoid with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
  3. Chrysin: Flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
  4. Artepillin C: Polyphenol with antitumor and antimicrobial properties.
  5. Polyphenols: Various compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  6. Procyanidins: Antioxidants that support cardiovascular health.
  7. Catechins: Antioxidants that support heart health and weight management.
  8. Epicatechins: Antioxidants with cardiovascular and neuroprotective benefits.
  9. Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG): Powerful antioxidant found in green tea.
  10. Saponins: Compounds with immune-boosting and cholesterol-lowering effects.
  11. Ginsenosides: Active compounds in ginseng with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
  12. Soyasaponins: Compounds found in soy with antioxidant and cholesterol-lowering properties.

Flavonoids

  1. Naringenin: Antioxidant that supports cardiovascular health.
  2. Hesperidin: Antioxidant that supports blood vessel health.
  3. Isorhamnetin: Antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties.
  4. Dihydrokaempferol: Antioxidant that supports overall health.

Vitaminoids and Coenzymes

  1. Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone): Important for energy production and antioxidant protection.
  2. Pantethine: Derivative of vitamin B5; supports lipid metabolism.

Phenolic Compounds

  1. Phenol: Basic aromatic compound with antiseptic properties.
  2. Hydroxybenzoic Acid: Antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties.
  3. Phenylpropanoids: Class of organic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Protease Inhibitors

  1. Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor: Inhibits protease enzymes; potential anti-cancer properties.
  2. Kidney Bean Inhibitor: Inhibits digestive proteases; used in research on weight management.

Volatile Compounds

  1. Vanillin: Provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  2. Linalool: Provides calming and anti-anxiety effects.
  3. Menthol: Provides cooling sensation and has antimicrobial properties.

Plant-Derived Compounds

  1. Benzyl Alcohol: Used as an antiseptic and preservative.
  2. Cinnamic Acid: Antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties.
  3. Salicylic Acid: Used for its anti-inflammatory and exfoliating properties.

Hormones and Hormone Precursors

  1. Jasmonic Acid: Plant hormone involved in stress responses.
  2. Gibberellins: Plant hormones that regulate growth and development.

Tannins

  1. Ellagitannins: Antioxidants with potential anti-cancer properties.
  2. Hydrolysable Tannins: Antioxidants that support overall health.

Other Phenolic Compounds

  1. Protocatechuic Acid: Antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties.

Miscellaneous

  1. Beeswax Hydrocarbons (e.g., pentacosane): Provide structure to beeswax; used in cosmetics.
  2. Sugars (e.g., melezitose): Provide energy and sweetness.
  3. Cera Flava (Beeswax Compounds): Used in skincare for protective and moisturizing properties.

 

Overview of Benefits

1. Energy Production and Metabolism

B-Vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12): These vitamins are crucial for converting carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy. They play a role in various metabolic pathways, ensuring that the body efficiently produces and uses energy. This is essential for maintaining overall vitality and reducing fatigue.

2. Immune Support and Antimicrobial Properties

Proteins and Amino Acids (Royalactin, Apalbumin, Hymenoptaecin, Defensin-1): These compounds support immune function by promoting cell repair and producing antimicrobial peptides. They help the body defend against infections and maintain a robust immune system. Propolis Compounds (Resins, Essential Oils, Polyphenols): These have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, helping to protect against pathogens and reduce inflammation.

3. Cardiovascular Health

Fatty Acids (Oleic Acid, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, DHA, EPA): These essential fatty acids help regulate cholesterol levels, reduce inflammation, and support overall heart health. They improve blood vessel function and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

4. Digestive Health

Enzymes (Amylase, Protease, Invertase, Lipase, Glucose Oxidase): These enzymes aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. They break down food into more usable forms, enhancing nutrient absorption and digestive efficiency. Prebiotic Fibers (Chitin, Pectin, Polysaccharides): These fibers promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, supporting a healthy digestive system and improving gut health.

5. Skin and Wound Healing

Vitamins (Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E): These vitamins are crucial for skin health and repair. They aid in collagen synthesis, protect against oxidative damage, and promote wound healing. Amino Acids (Hydroxyproline, Histidine): These amino acids are vital for collagen stability and skin regeneration. They help maintain skin elasticity and accelerate the healing process.

6. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects

Flavonoids (Luteolin, Apigenin, Rutin): These compounds provide powerful anti-inflammatory effects and protect cells from oxidative stress. They help reduce inflammation in the body and prevent chronic diseases. Phenolic Compounds (Gallic Acid, Chlorogenic Acid, Ellagic Acid): These antioxidants neutralize free radicals and support overall health by protecting cells from damage.

7. Neurological Health

Vitamins (Vitamin B6, B12, Folate): These vitamins are vital for brain function and neurotransmitter synthesis. They support cognitive health, improve mood, and enhance neurological function.

8. Muscle Building and Recovery

Protease and Amylase: These enzymes help break down proteins and carbohydrates into their usable forms, facilitating digestion and nutrient absorption. This enhances muscle recovery and growth by ensuring that the body efficiently utilizes the nutrients needed for muscle repair and building.

9. Bone Health

Minerals (Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Vitamin D): These nutrients are essential for maintaining strong and healthy bones. They support bone density, prevent osteoporosis, and aid in the proper functioning of the skeletal system.

10. Overall Health and Well-being

Bee Pollen Phytochemicals and Lactic Acid Bacteria Metabolites: These compounds contribute to overall health by providing a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds that support immune function, digestive health, and general well-being. They help maintain a balanced and healthy body.

 

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